B18 Aircraft - Rescuers walked eight miles of grass on their way to the crash site. Two days earlier, on February 15, 1941, a USAAF B-18 Bolo bomber, serial number 36-446, carrying five crew members and two passengers, had an engine problem on the left side and crashed in dense cloud in the forest. mountains on the island of Hawaii. Big island.
Fortunately, all seven survived. The U.S. military located them and dropped supplies before rescuers stormed the wreck. One passenger was injured and they all left the forest the next day.
B18 Aircraft
The bomber sat in the woods, armed with a radio and a grenade launcher, which was immediately recovered shortly after the crash - and many other parts disappeared to an unknown location for decades. As of May 2017, it is still found in swamps that are almost inaccessible in the Kohala swamp on the Big Island. The only Bolos out of six Bolos still in the world and one of only two standard B-18s worldwide.
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This is not the first. Introduced in 1936 and designed by the Douglas Aircraft Company, the B-18, like the airliner because it was based on the DC-2, was to become the center of American air power at the time. More expensive than Boeing, more expensive. B-17 (one of which crashed during development) and a replacement for the innovative but older Martin B-10 before.
Compared to the B-10, the B-18 has a cruising weight of more than twice that of a 4,400 lb bomb, twice that of a crew - but less range. The B-18A has a better engine and a forward bomb station. The B-18A will have a total of 217 of the 350 Bolos produced.
However, the fact that the Bolo was under power for modern warfare was obvious before the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor on the morning of December 7, 1941. The prototype of what was to become the B-17 Flying Fortress that the U.S. military experimented with in the 1930s, he was better than Bolo in every way.
Perhaps the U.S. Army's continuation—albeit in part—relied on the B-18, which saved the B-17 from further destruction on the ground by Japanese airstrikes in the first hours of the war. In Hawaii, the USAAF destroyed 12 bolos for 33 bases there, but only 4 out of 12 B-17s. An additional 10 Bolos were damaged, rendering a third of the B-18s from Hawaii rendered ineffective.
Douglas B 18a Bolo
The source of the plane crash in the Philippines this month was difficult to trace, although the Far East Air Force stationed there had 18 Bolos. It is most likely destroyed or captured.
The Bolo doesn't have much of a future beyond transport and reconnaissance aircraft. However, Brigadier General Frank Maxwell Andrews of the Caribbean Defense Command, the precursor to the US Southern Command, needed an aircraft to hunt down German submarines gliding across the Royal Navy's screen in the Atlantic Ocean.
With the U.S. Navy's focus on the Pacific Ocean, Andrews needed to keep U-boats out of American shipping and needed all the aircraft he could get his hands on. So he collected Bolos.
Interestingly, Andrews - who played a role in creating the USAAF from the Army Air Corps, paving the way for the Independent Air Force - supported the B-17 over Bolo in the 1930s. He lost that argument.
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But in 1942, securing 122 B-18A Bolos for his submarine hunting operation, Andrews upgraded them with radar depth charges and new bomb sightings suitable for low-altitude hunting, according to Johannes Allert's 2013 reprint in Air & Space PowerJournal.
When Andrews built up his Caribbean force U-156, a Type IXC submarine under the command of Capt.Lt. Werner Hartenstein steps off the path of destruction in the Atlantic. On September 12, 1942, Hartenstein sank the RMS Laconia, a British cargo ship carrying 1,800 Italian prisoners. More than 1,600 people on board died, and Hartenstein's attempt to rescue the survivors started the "Order of Laconia" of German Admiral Karl Dönitz, who at the time banned such rescues.
Six months later, U-156 and Hartenstein sailed to the Caribbean for her fifth patrol. Although over 97,000 tons had sunk and he was awarded the Knight's Cross, Nazi Germany's highest honor, the last patrol was empty. On March 7, American Bolo dropped a bomb on U-156, damaging it and producing the fuel that gave her the US Navy's PBY Catalina to be recharged near Barbados the next day.
Another IXC U-512 powered by KptLt. Wolfgang Schultze sank after bombing Bolo, South America on October 2, 1942. There is one survivor.
Beech 18 Prop
Two months after the sinking of the U-156, Andrews - then commander of all US forces in Europe - was killed in a B-24 Liberator crash in Iceland. Andrews Joint Base in Maryland, home to the US presidential plane, is named after him. The Bolos served in training and transportation in the United States for the remainder of the war, being conquered by better bombers and later, unlike the Andrews, largely forgotten. Beech Aircraft Corporation of Wichita, Kansas. Continuous production from 1937 to November 1969 (over 32 years, a world record at the time), over 9,000 were produced, making it the most widely used light aircraft in the world. Marketed around the world as a civilian operator, utility, cargo and wheeled passenger aircraft, drone, skis or floats, it is also used as a military aircraft.
During and after World War II, over 4,500 Beech 18s were used in military services such as light transport, light bombers (for China), coaches, pilots (for bombing, navigation and weapons). And "target drone parent ships including United States Air Force (USAAF) C-45 Expeditor, AT-7 Navigator and AT-11 Kansan and USN Navy (USN) UC-45J Navigator, SNB-1 Kansan During World War II over 90% of USAAF bombers and explorers trained on these aircraft.
In the early postwar period, the Beech 18 was a "commercial aircraft" and "feed carrier". In addition to transporting passengers, its civil applications include air launch, disinfection and storage Fish Clouds Ice Firefighting Air mail Express ambulances Film production Air transport Arms transport and drug smuggling. , Gine test bench, skywriting, banner towing and aerial stunts. Many are privately owned around the world, with 240 in the United States still listed as FAA aircraft as of August 2017.
In the late 1930s, Beechcraft managers estimated that a new design called the Model 18 would be needed to cover military applications and increase major production facilities. The design was primarily simple for the time, consisting of a dual radial semimonocoque all-metal structure with fabric-covered control surfaces and wheel arches. Less conventional is the double tail fin configuration. The Model 18 may be wrong for the larger Lockheed Electra series that is similar to it. The first production aircraft was powered by the 330 hp (250-kW) Jacobs L-6 or the 350 hp (260-kW) Wright R-760E. The 450 hp (336 kW) Pratt & Whitney R-985 engine has been a true engine since the pre-war C18S era. The original Beech 18 prototype flew on January 15, 1937.
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The aircraft uses various genes and has a number of airframe modifications to increase overall weight and speed. At least one aircraft was modified to a 600 hp (447 kW) Pratt & Whitney R-1340 powerplant configuration. With an additional weight of approximately 200 lb (91 kg) per gine, the concept of a Model 18 fitted with R-1340 gins was considered unsatisfactory as the aircraft's weakest structural element was the gine mounts. Almost every part of the air frame has been modified.
In 1955, deliveries of the E18S began. The E18S has the fuselage extended by more than 6 inches (150 mm) for additional headroom in the passenger compartment. The later Beech 18s (sometimes called Super 18s) introduced higher-altitude hulls, and some earlier models (including the AT-11) were modified to larger hulls. The H18, introduced in 1963, has a trunk chassis. Unusually, the lower carriage was made for earlier models under STC by Volpar and fitted to the H18 at the factory during production. A total of 109 H18s were built with tricycle landing gear, and a further 240 previous models were modified this way.
Construction of the Beechcraft Model 18 began in 1970 when the newest H18 went to Japan Airlines.
Over the years, 32 basic variants of the design flew, over 200 improvements were developed and almost 8,000 aircraft were built. In one instance, the aircraft was modified into a three-wheel trike with an elliptical configuration and looked similar to a small Lockheed constellation. Another distinctive conversion was carried out by Pacific Airmotive as the PacAero Tradewind. It has a long nose to accommodate a tricycle, and the Model 18's twin tails have been replaced with single fins. .
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But when the United States tried to enter World War II, only 39 of the 18 models were sold, 29 of which were for civilian customers.
Work has seriously started on special variants for training
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